Governing mechanism for oil engines



GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR OIL ENGINES A Y 1640 578 Aug 30 1927'. F. w. SEVERIN GovERNING MEcHANIsM Fox IL ENGINES Filed July 9. 1921 sheets-sheet 2 Q0 N Kv 1 l l@ o 5 o G JE u l r 1 n uw@ I Z f/% l Q* S lfwofmtof l 3 Aug o 1927 Fgw. SEVERIN GOVERNING MECHANISMFOR OIL ENGINES 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed July 9, 1921I v 1,640,578 Aug 30 1927' F. w. SEVERIN GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR OIL ENGINES Filed July 9. 1921 l l 4 sheets-sheet 4 lum) fyi# .5PM

I an improved governor Paientegfl' Aug.H 3c, 1927.

- UNITED sim-T- Y A1,640,578 PATENT OFFICE.'

. FRANK W.SEVERIN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR T0 VENN-SE'VEBIN MACHINE CO., 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A' CORPORATION OF IL LINOIS.

covEnNi-Nc MncnANIsm ron oI-L ENGINES.

' .Application mea July 9,

The invention relates to the fuel-feed governing mechanism for oil engines of that type in which the suction valve for the fuelpump is held open for-varying periods responsive to the power requirements of the load under control of a governorV to regulate the volume of fuel injected into the engine. One object of the' invention is to provide mechanism type in which no reactive load is imposed on the governor-cam which controls the periods during which the suction valve remains open.

A further object is to provide. governor mechanism of this type which is simple in construction and eiiicient in operation.

Another object of the invention is to pro- `vide improved means for varying the spring tension on the governor-arms to regulate the speed vof the engine.

Another object is to provide an improvedv governing mechanism of this type with means for destroying of oil between the supply tank and the s uction valve of the pump. f y

Astill further object is to provide implil'oved vmeans for manually operating the el pumps.` Y l. The invention consists in the several novel features hereinafter set forth andmoreparticularlyv defined by Claims at the conclu"- sion hereof.

In the drawings: Fig. 1 is alongitudinal section of mechanism embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a section takenvon line 2-2 of Fig. 1,.showing the pump-'operating 'cam. Fig. 3 is a section taken on line 3-3 o Fig.' 1, showing the suction valve operating g 10. A pin'37, fixed cam. Fig. 3a is a section on line 3**-3a of Fig-1. Fig.4 is a side elevation of the governor.. Fig. 5 4is a section taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4. Fi tion taken on ine 7-7 of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 1s an enlarged detail showing the cams for operating and controlling the suction valve.

The invention is exemplified in mechanism Supported in a 'suitable bracket 10 which is usually mounted on the engine-casing and driven by a4 hollow shaft 11 which is `geared and driven bythe crank-shaft of the engine at a rotative speed suitableto thecycle of the engine.r Thev mechanism shown is for a two-cylinder engine, there being a fuel-feed v pump and Aconnections for each cylinder of connections for each secured to frame of this the inertia ofthe line` 61s a plan. Fig.v 7 is a sec-- delivery pipe 1921. serial No. 483,628.

' or any multiple` cylinder engines, as well Since the pump and cylinder are alike in'v construction, a description of one is deemedl suflicient. 4 Each pump comprises a casing 12 which isg 10 and is provided with a chamber 17 and a ycylinder 13 in which a plunger 14 is slidably mounted. A spring 151s applied to impart the retractile strokev to the piston, its outer end being held in a head 16 which is secured to the casing opposite cylinder 13. A suction-valve 18 is slidably mounted in' a seat' 19 which is secured in the casing and isnormally closed by a spring 32. 'Said valve is provided with a suitably grooved stem 2O which is formed to receive oil from openings 20'r1 in a valve seat 20b and to prevent backflow of oil from vrchamber 17. A check-valve 25 is applied to the discharge connection from chamber 17 and a pipe 26 is connected to deliver the oil forced past said check-valve to the engine. c A head 27 is slidably mounted in a guide `frame 10 and carries a. roller 28 on a pin 29 fixed in the head. A cam 30, formed on a sleeve 31 which is fixed to vrotate with shaft 11, is adapted to impart the pumpingstroke to the pump-plunger 14.' The inner end of the lunger r14 bears against the outer -end ofp the slidable head 27 and is yieldingly held in engagement therewith by the spring 15. A rod 33, which is slidably mounted in the casing 12, is. adjustably connected by a screwunderstood in the art.

hread and nut 34 to a f headv 35 which 'is slidably mounted in a uide 36 suitably connected to the frame insaid head, carries a roller 38 which is adapted to bear against a cam 39v on the sleeve 31 which rotates with the shaft 11. Said cam and head serve to impart the opening stroke to the suction valve. A spring 40 is applied to retract the rod 33 and head 34 and to keep roller 38 against cam 39. The latter Iis recessed, 100 as .at 39', to permit-the suction-valve 18 to remain closed during the full .pumping stroke of the plunger 14 under control of the governor mechanism hereinafter set forth. 1 fj A receptacle 21 is secured to the .casing 12 and the oil supplytank is connected to the bottom of this trap bya pipe 22. The 22 Ais usually connected' to y. an

augriliary reservcir which will cause a pre- 110 structions to permit this operation.

determined level of oil to bemaintained in the receptacle 21. A pet cock 21 is .connected to receptacle 21 so that, in 1n1t1ally 'filling' it, air can be discharged until an oil column of a predetermined height, corresponding to the level of the cock-has been established. When this has been done, the pet-cock is closed. A pipe 23, having an opening in communication with the inlet 24 to the suction valve, extends downwardly from Vthe top of receptacle 21 to a point below the oil level. The oil that is not exlpelled by the pump during a pumpingv ment of the oil is very rapid and, if it were tive edge arranged vto contact with a not for the air in the upper portion of the receptacle 21, which.allows a quick relief for ythe surplus oil, the `latter would still be pumped to the engine due to inertia of oil 1n the pipes from the tank to the trap.

The governor mechanism, for varying the period during which the suction valves will remain open, comprises a cam 41, which is provided with a recess or depression 42, which is adapted to act in conjunction withA the recess 39 .of cam 39 to lengthen or shorten the period of time during which the suction-valve remains open during the pumping-stroke of plunger 14 to automatically control'the amount of fuel delivered to the engine and so as to maintain constancy in the revolutions per minute of the engine. Cam 41 is formed on av hub 43 which is rotatably held on sleeve 44 which is fixed to shaft 11, underlies cam 39 which opens the suction valve,and has its operaortion of the roller 38 on the head 35pfor operating the suction-valve.

Governor arms 45 are pivoted at 46 on ay flange 47 on a sleeve 44. These arms act as weights which, under the influence of centrifugal force, operate the cam 41, being j connected thereto by links 48 which are pivoted to the distal ends of said arms and to studs 49 which are fixed to the hub 43 of cam 41 and extend through flange 50 on the hub 43'. Springs -51 are connected to the lower ends of the studs 49 to normally pull'the arms 45 inwardly, the outer ends of these springs being connected at- 52 to levers 53 which are ivoted, at 54, to the underside of flange 4 of sleeve 44. When the engine is at rest, the depressions in cams 39 and 41 are coincident. AAs the speed of the engine increases, the governor weights will move outwardly under the influence of centrifugal force and will rotate the cam 41 relatively to the cam 39 so that the suction valve will remain open during a shorter period' of time during the compressionstroke of the plunger l14. Upon reverse movement of t-he governor' arms, the cam 41 willA be reversely rotated to correspondingly increase the eriod during which the suction-valve will be permitted to remain closed.4 In this manner, the governor arms,

under'the influence of centrifugal force controlled by the speed of the engine, will rotate cam 41 relatively to cam 39 so as to vary the length of the cam-depression left by the normally coincident depressions in said cams and thus'regulate the period of time during which the suction-valve 20 will remain open during the compression stroke of plunger 14, so that the amount of fuel necessary to maintain a constant engine vSpeed will be delivered to the engine cylinder. In this mechanism, the governor does not shift the valve-opening cam 39 and thus a reactive load on the governor is avoided and it sensitively and accurately' controls the suction valve and the speed of the engine.

Mechanism is provided for varying the tension of springs 51 to change the speed of the engine at will while it is running. In practice, it is desired; in some instances, to synchronize the operation of parallel units in the production of alternating current and this mechanism makes it possible to effect speed changes by varying the tension of the springs on the governor.. For this, purpose, each lever 53 is provided with anI abutment 56 which is engaged by a radially extending pin 57 which is slidably mounted in the shaft 11 and the sleeve 44. A rod 58, which is axially slidable in the shaft 11, is provided at its lowerend withy a control camlas surface 59 which is adapted to adjust the radial pins 57 to shift the levers 53 and thus vary the tension of the governorsprings 51. Speed regulation in this manner does not affect the capacity of the engine for work, because the speed change is not obtained by limiting the amount of fuel-oil delivered to the engine, the changing of t-he tension on the governor-springs merely causing the engine to revolve at a higher speed, in order to throw out the governor weights before they will curtail the volume of fueloil' injected into the engine. Any suitable mechanism 'may be employed for adjusting the rod 58. A collar 60 is connected to the upper end of said rodv and provided with trunnions 61 which vare suitably connected ters Patent, is: y

69 formed in the top of the frame 10 and opening th is provided with cams 7 0 which are adapted to operate the co to engage the slides 27 which operate the periods during which th pumps. as shown in Fig. 7. A'bushing 71 duing is provided between the hub68 and the shaft 11. A suitable lever 72is clamped to the gine upper end of the hub 68 so that the cams ing Oil to t 70 may be rotated to simultaneously operate controlling all of the pumps. This mechanism exemplicylinder, fies a construction iii which the cams for all pump, va ofthe cylinders are mounted on a common a plurality hub around the governor shaft and whereby ueoted to S all of the pump-plungers may be simultaother to control tlie peri neously operated. In starting the engine, valve remains open the engine-shaft will be turned to the point strokes, Said Cam wherelthe depressions in cams 39 will percoincident coneen mit one of thel suction-valves to close. The valve, Without imposing a reao pumps may then bey operated manually by the governor. lever 7 2 and cams 70 until a solid stream of 3. In 'governing oil issues from` the usual. try-cock on the gilles, inspirator. p ing oi Eachhead 27 is provided with an opencontrolling the volume o ing 75 to receive a key 76 whereby it may be cylinder by the pump,` locked in inoperative position. By means the Pump andjOPeIlng of this key, one of the heads 27 may be driven by the engine, a gov secured in inoperative position to render one trolling t pump-cylinder inoperative which is some- Suction va times desirable, for example when the enpumping gine is used for pumping airto astorage the Cams l Y v ing the valve and shifte The invention exemplifies governing suction-valve cam by said gove'r mechanism tion of a pump for feed-A ya suction valve for' f oil forced to the 100 a shaft geared to be cams fixed on said d opening lso tank.

mechanism for oil engines in which a cam 4. In governing is provided4 for regulating the period of time gllleS,

during which the suction-valve is held open, ing 0i f which imposes no reactive load on tht gov- CODTOllIlg the V0 ernor, such load being. imposed upon the G Dglby the Pu positively driven cam which opens the sucdriven by the 611g tion valve. The invention also exemplifies ShUfOI Opera a device for destroying the inertia of the the Suction Valve,

line yof loil' between the suction-valve and mounted 0n Said Shaft.

g the closin ly mounted aroun aid governor. hanism for oil-enof a pump for feed- 120 a spring-closed suc ntrolling the volume of oil e pump, a shaft fixed p and iis a centrifugal ounted on said shaft and a vernor for controlltion-valve rotativeft and in contigul`- pening'cam'.

for oil-enof a drive-shaft, a the cylinder, i

the supply tank. Also mechanism. for ,ad- 'cam for controllin justing the tension of the governor springs tion valve, rotative while the engine is-in operation without Shaft und Operatedby S affecting the Working capacity of the engine 5- III governing me or Without limiting, in a permanent degree, gllleS, the Comblntlon the amount of fuel-oil delivered to the en- 'ing oil to the cylinder, gine. Also simple mechanism for simulta- OIl-Vlve I'CO neoiisly and manually shifting the pumpforced to the engine by t u 1 geared to be dr The invention is not to be understood .as 011 Seid Shaft restricted to the details set forth, since th se OPeIuIlg the Su `may\ be modified Within the scope of the governor'lso m appended claims, without departing from 0am' Op@ ing the closing Having thus described the invention, what 1y mounted around I cla'imas new and desire to secure by Letous relation to the valve-o 6. In governing mec the combinationl for `feedingo to ve for controlling the vo by the pump, cams fixedy for operating the. umpcam `rotatab e on the period of time alve remains open plungers.

`the spirit and scope of the invention.

1. In governing mechanism for oil engines, \gines,the combination of a pump for feeding pump oil to the cylinder, a spring closed suction tion-val valve for controlling the volume of oil forced forced to the engine into the cylinder, mechanism for operating to the drive-shaft the pump, mechanism comprising'a -posiand valve, a governor, a tively driven cam for-opening the valve, a the shaftfor controlling controller-cam coaxial with` the cam for during which the'suction-v e'valve, and a gover ntroller cam,

the pumping stro governing me s' the combination o he cylinder, the volume o lve controllin of cams, and a gov hift one cam relativ being coaxi tric,portions the combination .o l to the cylinder,r

ie period of time d lve remains openi du stroke, and a-cam for operating the combina l to the cylinder,

the pump an a centrifugal governor a and a' supp ven bythe'engine, for operating t ction valve,

rated by the go iior connected to control the e valve remains open mechanism' for oil-enf f a pump for feed-.53 a suction'valve for v f oil forced to the for operating the valve positively ernor for conring which the ring vthe separate from mp `and openatively tothe U5 r oil en- 70 f a pump for feeda suction' valve for f oil forced into the mechanism for operating the g means comprising 75 ernor conely to the ods during which the during the pumping al and having S0 to operate the I' tive load on` lemental N5 g of the'sucd the during the pumping stroke, vthe governor comprising an arm connected to operate said 7. In governing mechanism for oil en gines, the combination of a pump 4for feeding oil to the cylinder, a suction-valve for controlling the volume of oil forced to the engine, a shaft geared to the engine, cams .on theshaft for operating the pump and opening the suction valve, a cam for, controlling the period of time during which the suction valve remains open, a governor comprising arms, springs for retracting the arms, levers to which the sprin s are con-4 nected, mg sai ins mounted in the sha t, for shiftlevers and a rod in said shaft for shifting the pins to adjust said levers and vary the tension of the spring.

8. In governing mechanism for oil engines, the combination of a plurality of pumps for feeding oil tothe cylinders, suction valves for controlling the volume of oil forced to the cylinders respectively,I means for operating the umps and opening the va1vesa governor fgr controlling the period of time during which the suction Valves remain open during the pumping strokes, a plurality of cams to shift the pump-plungers, and a lever for simultaneously operating said cams. 9. In governing mechanism for `oil engines, the combination of a plurality of pumps, for feeding oil to the cylinders, suction valves for controlling the volume of oil` forced to the cylinders respectively, a shaft geared to the engine, cams on the shaft for operating the pump and opening the valve, a governor for controlling the period of time during which the suction valves remain open during the pumping strokes, a plurality of cams rotatable around the shaft and adapted to shift the ump-plungers, and a lever for4 simultaneous y rotating said cams.

F. W. SEVERIN. 

